Why is the Constellation's nose gear so long? The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results...
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Why is the Constellation's nose gear so long?
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$begingroup$
The Lockheed Constellation has an enormously long nose gear, which causes the aircraft to slant appreciably backwards when sitting on the ground:
L-049
(Image by Greg and Cindy at Flickr, modified by Cobatfor at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-649
(Image by the San Diego Air and Space Museum, via Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
L-749
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1049
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1649
(Image by Robert Togni at Flickr, via JuergenKlueser at Wikimedia Commons. Note that, due to the gigantic nose gear, the fuselage is approximately level, despite the ground sloping downwards considerably towards the aircraft's nose.)
In contrast, other airliners of the era had a much-less-ridiculous nose gear length, like the DC-7:
(Image by Ted Quackenbush at airliners.net, modified by Fæ at Wikimedia Commons.)
and the Stratocruiser:
(Image by Bill Larkins at Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
Why is the Constellation's nose gear so much longer?
landing-gear lockheed-constellation
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The Lockheed Constellation has an enormously long nose gear, which causes the aircraft to slant appreciably backwards when sitting on the ground:
L-049
(Image by Greg and Cindy at Flickr, modified by Cobatfor at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-649
(Image by the San Diego Air and Space Museum, via Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
L-749
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1049
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1649
(Image by Robert Togni at Flickr, via JuergenKlueser at Wikimedia Commons. Note that, due to the gigantic nose gear, the fuselage is approximately level, despite the ground sloping downwards considerably towards the aircraft's nose.)
In contrast, other airliners of the era had a much-less-ridiculous nose gear length, like the DC-7:
(Image by Ted Quackenbush at airliners.net, modified by Fæ at Wikimedia Commons.)
and the Stratocruiser:
(Image by Bill Larkins at Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
Why is the Constellation's nose gear so much longer?
landing-gear lockheed-constellation
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The Lockheed Constellation has an enormously long nose gear, which causes the aircraft to slant appreciably backwards when sitting on the ground:
L-049
(Image by Greg and Cindy at Flickr, modified by Cobatfor at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-649
(Image by the San Diego Air and Space Museum, via Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
L-749
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1049
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1649
(Image by Robert Togni at Flickr, via JuergenKlueser at Wikimedia Commons. Note that, due to the gigantic nose gear, the fuselage is approximately level, despite the ground sloping downwards considerably towards the aircraft's nose.)
In contrast, other airliners of the era had a much-less-ridiculous nose gear length, like the DC-7:
(Image by Ted Quackenbush at airliners.net, modified by Fæ at Wikimedia Commons.)
and the Stratocruiser:
(Image by Bill Larkins at Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
Why is the Constellation's nose gear so much longer?
landing-gear lockheed-constellation
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
$endgroup$
The Lockheed Constellation has an enormously long nose gear, which causes the aircraft to slant appreciably backwards when sitting on the ground:
L-049
(Image by Greg and Cindy at Flickr, modified by Cobatfor at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-649
(Image by the San Diego Air and Space Museum, via Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
L-749
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1049
(Image by RuthAS at Wikimedia Commons.)
L-1649
(Image by Robert Togni at Flickr, via JuergenKlueser at Wikimedia Commons. Note that, due to the gigantic nose gear, the fuselage is approximately level, despite the ground sloping downwards considerably towards the aircraft's nose.)
In contrast, other airliners of the era had a much-less-ridiculous nose gear length, like the DC-7:
(Image by Ted Quackenbush at airliners.net, modified by Fæ at Wikimedia Commons.)
and the Stratocruiser:
(Image by Bill Larkins at Flickr, via Wikimedia Commons.)
Why is the Constellation's nose gear so much longer?
landing-gear lockheed-constellation
landing-gear lockheed-constellation
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
asked 4 hours ago
SeanSean
5,95032874
5,95032874
add a comment |
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
The Connie's fuselage has a subtle S shaped contour which was intended to conform somewhat to the upwash ahead of the wing and downwash aft of the wing, with a final upturn at the end to place the horizontal tail at the desired vertical location.
They also tapered the fuselage to the smallest cross sectional area possible at the nose, to part the air gently you might say, so the bottom ends up sloping up toward the nose.
Then you have main gear legs that are fairly long because the R3350's propellers are quite large.
The wing incidence is set to optimize the fuselage curvature's presentation into the airflow in cruise.
At the same time, you want to have wing chord in a certain desirable AOA range sitting on the ground, and you want to keep the tail from sitting too high (the Connie has the 3 surfaces to keep the vertical height of the tail low enough to fit the common hangars of the day).
Combine all those factors together and you end up having to the make the strut really long, and ending up with the most graceful airliner ever designed.
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You can see that the underside of the Connie's fuselage ahead of the wing root is contoured upwards to begin the taper which ends at the tip of the plane's nose. The other planes had constant-section fuselages ahead of the wing root, in which the nose does not begin to taper down until just aft of the cockpit.
To maintain the same propeller tip ground clearance, the Lockheed design then required a longer nose gear strut because the attach point for the nose wheel was higher in the air.
(In the case of the Douglas aircraft, maintaining a constant fuselage cross-section forward and aft of the wing reduced tooling costs and enabled fuselage stretches in future revisions of the airframe.)
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(Top, bottom)
Despite having the same engine (Wright R-3350), low-wing mounting, and that the main landing gear of both the DC-7 and the Connie retracted into the cowls of the inboard engines, those alone would not count for the taller nose landing gear of the Connie.
What does is the propeller diameter. Lockheed went with three bladed propellers, compared to the DC-7's four bladed propellers, resulting in a difference of 5.5 ft (1.7 m) in diameter (19 ft$^1$ vs 13.5 ft$^2$ propellers). The Connie also sat with a higher pitch angle, as evident by the 3-view drawing.
The above answers the geometric reason.
As for the design choice, fewer blades are more efficient, albeit bigger. As for the nose pitch on ground, it could mean the wing is attached at a lower angle of incidence, permitting a more level floor in cruise.
$^1$ https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/l-049-specs.htm
$^2$ http://www.deltamuseum.org/docs/site/aircraft-pages/dc-7_review_booklet_1954.pdf (page 4; PDF page 6)
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
The Connie's fuselage has a subtle S shaped contour which was intended to conform somewhat to the upwash ahead of the wing and downwash aft of the wing, with a final upturn at the end to place the horizontal tail at the desired vertical location.
They also tapered the fuselage to the smallest cross sectional area possible at the nose, to part the air gently you might say, so the bottom ends up sloping up toward the nose.
Then you have main gear legs that are fairly long because the R3350's propellers are quite large.
The wing incidence is set to optimize the fuselage curvature's presentation into the airflow in cruise.
At the same time, you want to have wing chord in a certain desirable AOA range sitting on the ground, and you want to keep the tail from sitting too high (the Connie has the 3 surfaces to keep the vertical height of the tail low enough to fit the common hangars of the day).
Combine all those factors together and you end up having to the make the strut really long, and ending up with the most graceful airliner ever designed.
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The Connie's fuselage has a subtle S shaped contour which was intended to conform somewhat to the upwash ahead of the wing and downwash aft of the wing, with a final upturn at the end to place the horizontal tail at the desired vertical location.
They also tapered the fuselage to the smallest cross sectional area possible at the nose, to part the air gently you might say, so the bottom ends up sloping up toward the nose.
Then you have main gear legs that are fairly long because the R3350's propellers are quite large.
The wing incidence is set to optimize the fuselage curvature's presentation into the airflow in cruise.
At the same time, you want to have wing chord in a certain desirable AOA range sitting on the ground, and you want to keep the tail from sitting too high (the Connie has the 3 surfaces to keep the vertical height of the tail low enough to fit the common hangars of the day).
Combine all those factors together and you end up having to the make the strut really long, and ending up with the most graceful airliner ever designed.
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The Connie's fuselage has a subtle S shaped contour which was intended to conform somewhat to the upwash ahead of the wing and downwash aft of the wing, with a final upturn at the end to place the horizontal tail at the desired vertical location.
They also tapered the fuselage to the smallest cross sectional area possible at the nose, to part the air gently you might say, so the bottom ends up sloping up toward the nose.
Then you have main gear legs that are fairly long because the R3350's propellers are quite large.
The wing incidence is set to optimize the fuselage curvature's presentation into the airflow in cruise.
At the same time, you want to have wing chord in a certain desirable AOA range sitting on the ground, and you want to keep the tail from sitting too high (the Connie has the 3 surfaces to keep the vertical height of the tail low enough to fit the common hangars of the day).
Combine all those factors together and you end up having to the make the strut really long, and ending up with the most graceful airliner ever designed.
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
$endgroup$
The Connie's fuselage has a subtle S shaped contour which was intended to conform somewhat to the upwash ahead of the wing and downwash aft of the wing, with a final upturn at the end to place the horizontal tail at the desired vertical location.
They also tapered the fuselage to the smallest cross sectional area possible at the nose, to part the air gently you might say, so the bottom ends up sloping up toward the nose.
Then you have main gear legs that are fairly long because the R3350's propellers are quite large.
The wing incidence is set to optimize the fuselage curvature's presentation into the airflow in cruise.
At the same time, you want to have wing chord in a certain desirable AOA range sitting on the ground, and you want to keep the tail from sitting too high (the Connie has the 3 surfaces to keep the vertical height of the tail low enough to fit the common hangars of the day).
Combine all those factors together and you end up having to the make the strut really long, and ending up with the most graceful airliner ever designed.
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
answered 3 hours ago
John KJohn K
24.9k13675
24.9k13675
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
$begingroup$
I already knew about the streamlining and the tail-height restrictions, but now I see how that necessitates tilting the fuselage back slightly!
$endgroup$
– Sean
1 hour ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You can see that the underside of the Connie's fuselage ahead of the wing root is contoured upwards to begin the taper which ends at the tip of the plane's nose. The other planes had constant-section fuselages ahead of the wing root, in which the nose does not begin to taper down until just aft of the cockpit.
To maintain the same propeller tip ground clearance, the Lockheed design then required a longer nose gear strut because the attach point for the nose wheel was higher in the air.
(In the case of the Douglas aircraft, maintaining a constant fuselage cross-section forward and aft of the wing reduced tooling costs and enabled fuselage stretches in future revisions of the airframe.)
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You can see that the underside of the Connie's fuselage ahead of the wing root is contoured upwards to begin the taper which ends at the tip of the plane's nose. The other planes had constant-section fuselages ahead of the wing root, in which the nose does not begin to taper down until just aft of the cockpit.
To maintain the same propeller tip ground clearance, the Lockheed design then required a longer nose gear strut because the attach point for the nose wheel was higher in the air.
(In the case of the Douglas aircraft, maintaining a constant fuselage cross-section forward and aft of the wing reduced tooling costs and enabled fuselage stretches in future revisions of the airframe.)
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
You can see that the underside of the Connie's fuselage ahead of the wing root is contoured upwards to begin the taper which ends at the tip of the plane's nose. The other planes had constant-section fuselages ahead of the wing root, in which the nose does not begin to taper down until just aft of the cockpit.
To maintain the same propeller tip ground clearance, the Lockheed design then required a longer nose gear strut because the attach point for the nose wheel was higher in the air.
(In the case of the Douglas aircraft, maintaining a constant fuselage cross-section forward and aft of the wing reduced tooling costs and enabled fuselage stretches in future revisions of the airframe.)
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
$endgroup$
You can see that the underside of the Connie's fuselage ahead of the wing root is contoured upwards to begin the taper which ends at the tip of the plane's nose. The other planes had constant-section fuselages ahead of the wing root, in which the nose does not begin to taper down until just aft of the cockpit.
To maintain the same propeller tip ground clearance, the Lockheed design then required a longer nose gear strut because the attach point for the nose wheel was higher in the air.
(In the case of the Douglas aircraft, maintaining a constant fuselage cross-section forward and aft of the wing reduced tooling costs and enabled fuselage stretches in future revisions of the airframe.)
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
answered 3 hours ago
niels nielsenniels nielsen
2,5791515
2,5791515
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(Top, bottom)
Despite having the same engine (Wright R-3350), low-wing mounting, and that the main landing gear of both the DC-7 and the Connie retracted into the cowls of the inboard engines, those alone would not count for the taller nose landing gear of the Connie.
What does is the propeller diameter. Lockheed went with three bladed propellers, compared to the DC-7's four bladed propellers, resulting in a difference of 5.5 ft (1.7 m) in diameter (19 ft$^1$ vs 13.5 ft$^2$ propellers). The Connie also sat with a higher pitch angle, as evident by the 3-view drawing.
The above answers the geometric reason.
As for the design choice, fewer blades are more efficient, albeit bigger. As for the nose pitch on ground, it could mean the wing is attached at a lower angle of incidence, permitting a more level floor in cruise.
$^1$ https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/l-049-specs.htm
$^2$ http://www.deltamuseum.org/docs/site/aircraft-pages/dc-7_review_booklet_1954.pdf (page 4; PDF page 6)
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(Top, bottom)
Despite having the same engine (Wright R-3350), low-wing mounting, and that the main landing gear of both the DC-7 and the Connie retracted into the cowls of the inboard engines, those alone would not count for the taller nose landing gear of the Connie.
What does is the propeller diameter. Lockheed went with three bladed propellers, compared to the DC-7's four bladed propellers, resulting in a difference of 5.5 ft (1.7 m) in diameter (19 ft$^1$ vs 13.5 ft$^2$ propellers). The Connie also sat with a higher pitch angle, as evident by the 3-view drawing.
The above answers the geometric reason.
As for the design choice, fewer blades are more efficient, albeit bigger. As for the nose pitch on ground, it could mean the wing is attached at a lower angle of incidence, permitting a more level floor in cruise.
$^1$ https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/l-049-specs.htm
$^2$ http://www.deltamuseum.org/docs/site/aircraft-pages/dc-7_review_booklet_1954.pdf (page 4; PDF page 6)
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
(Top, bottom)
Despite having the same engine (Wright R-3350), low-wing mounting, and that the main landing gear of both the DC-7 and the Connie retracted into the cowls of the inboard engines, those alone would not count for the taller nose landing gear of the Connie.
What does is the propeller diameter. Lockheed went with three bladed propellers, compared to the DC-7's four bladed propellers, resulting in a difference of 5.5 ft (1.7 m) in diameter (19 ft$^1$ vs 13.5 ft$^2$ propellers). The Connie also sat with a higher pitch angle, as evident by the 3-view drawing.
The above answers the geometric reason.
As for the design choice, fewer blades are more efficient, albeit bigger. As for the nose pitch on ground, it could mean the wing is attached at a lower angle of incidence, permitting a more level floor in cruise.
$^1$ https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/l-049-specs.htm
$^2$ http://www.deltamuseum.org/docs/site/aircraft-pages/dc-7_review_booklet_1954.pdf (page 4; PDF page 6)
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
$endgroup$
(Top, bottom)
Despite having the same engine (Wright R-3350), low-wing mounting, and that the main landing gear of both the DC-7 and the Connie retracted into the cowls of the inboard engines, those alone would not count for the taller nose landing gear of the Connie.
What does is the propeller diameter. Lockheed went with three bladed propellers, compared to the DC-7's four bladed propellers, resulting in a difference of 5.5 ft (1.7 m) in diameter (19 ft$^1$ vs 13.5 ft$^2$ propellers). The Connie also sat with a higher pitch angle, as evident by the 3-view drawing.
The above answers the geometric reason.
As for the design choice, fewer blades are more efficient, albeit bigger. As for the nose pitch on ground, it could mean the wing is attached at a lower angle of incidence, permitting a more level floor in cruise.
$^1$ https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/l-049-specs.htm
$^2$ http://www.deltamuseum.org/docs/site/aircraft-pages/dc-7_review_booklet_1954.pdf (page 4; PDF page 6)
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
answered 31 mins ago
ymb1ymb1
70.3k7225372
70.3k7225372
add a comment |
add a comment |
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