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How do I move a MySQL data directory to an external hard drive?

How to change data location on UbuntuChanging InnoDB data directory prevents MySQL service from startingRecover an Innodb mysql database from an EBS on Ec2innodb completely crashed after interruptionMySQL 5.1: change datadir variable value in my.cnfMoving datadir OK start, but socket error for mysql clientMySQL does not start - Ubuntu 14.04 LTS after migration to new diskHow to fix: MySQL job failed to startmysql Relay log file not found error while changing mysql data directoryHow to prevent default MySQL instance starting when mysqld_multi is used?

3

I tried moving MySQL data directory to an external Hard disk (which has been formatted using NTFS).
I followed the steps given in the answer to the question How to change MySQL data directory?

1. Stop MySQL


2. Copy MySQL data directory to new location


3. Edit the MySQL configuration file (update datadir variable).


4. Update the new path in apparmor


5. Reload apparmor


6. Start MySQL (/etc/init.d/mysql restart)

But at the 6th step, when I restart MySQL it's failing. When I look into /var/log/mysql/error.log I get the following message:

2015-05-17 12:07:05 4317 [Warning] Can't create test file /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/ neo.lower-test

/usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't change dir to '/media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)

What should I do to fix this problem?

I guessed that it is because the mysql user does not have permissions to write to the directory on the external hard drive. So I tried to change the ownership of the entire path (chown mysql:mysql -R /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/). But it didn't get reflected.

So I tried mounting that partition again with sudo mount -t ntfs -o rw,auto,user,fmask=0022,dmask=0000 /dev/sdb1 /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/ with no luck.

Setup Details:

Host - Ubuntu 14.04

External Drive: NTFS FileSystem, 4TB single partition

MySQL: mysqld Ver 5.6.19-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64

mysql

share|improve this question

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  As a side note, does the file name in the warning message have a space as first letter? ...MWDatabase/mysql/ neo.lower-test
  
  – Jehad Keriaki
  May 18 '15 at 4:26
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @JehadKeriaki No, there is no space. that might be copy paste error.
  
  – Srikanth Vaindam
  May 18 '15 at 5:24
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

3

I tried moving MySQL data directory to an external Hard disk (which has been formatted using NTFS).
I followed the steps given in the answer to the question How to change MySQL data directory?

1. Stop MySQL


2. Copy MySQL data directory to new location


3. Edit the MySQL configuration file (update datadir variable).


4. Update the new path in apparmor


5. Reload apparmor


6. Start MySQL (/etc/init.d/mysql restart)

But at the 6th step, when I restart MySQL it's failing. When I look into /var/log/mysql/error.log I get the following message:

2015-05-17 12:07:05 4317 [Warning] Can't create test file /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/ neo.lower-test

/usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't change dir to '/media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)

What should I do to fix this problem?

I guessed that it is because the mysql user does not have permissions to write to the directory on the external hard drive. So I tried to change the ownership of the entire path (chown mysql:mysql -R /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/). But it didn't get reflected.

So I tried mounting that partition again with sudo mount -t ntfs -o rw,auto,user,fmask=0022,dmask=0000 /dev/sdb1 /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/ with no luck.

Setup Details:

Host - Ubuntu 14.04

External Drive: NTFS FileSystem, 4TB single partition

MySQL: mysqld Ver 5.6.19-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64

mysql

share|improve this question

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  As a side note, does the file name in the warning message have a space as first letter? ...MWDatabase/mysql/ neo.lower-test
  
  – Jehad Keriaki
  May 18 '15 at 4:26
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @JehadKeriaki No, there is no space. that might be copy paste error.
  
  – Srikanth Vaindam
  May 18 '15 at 5:24
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

I tried moving MySQL data directory to an external Hard disk (which has been formatted using NTFS).
I followed the steps given in the answer to the question How to change MySQL data directory?

1. Stop MySQL


2. Copy MySQL data directory to new location


3. Edit the MySQL configuration file (update datadir variable).


4. Update the new path in apparmor


5. Reload apparmor


6. Start MySQL (/etc/init.d/mysql restart)

But at the 6th step, when I restart MySQL it's failing. When I look into /var/log/mysql/error.log I get the following message:

2015-05-17 12:07:05 4317 [Warning] Can't create test file /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/ neo.lower-test

/usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't change dir to '/media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)

What should I do to fix this problem?

I guessed that it is because the mysql user does not have permissions to write to the directory on the external hard drive. So I tried to change the ownership of the entire path (chown mysql:mysql -R /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/MWDatabase/mysql/). But it didn't get reflected.

So I tried mounting that partition again with sudo mount -t ntfs -o rw,auto,user,fmask=0022,dmask=0000 /dev/sdb1 /media/prasanth/SeagateExpansionDrive/ with no luck.

Setup Details:

Host - Ubuntu 14.04

External Drive: NTFS FileSystem, 4TB single partition

MySQL: mysqld Ver 5.6.19-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64

mysql

share|improve this question

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

share|improve this question

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

share|improve this question

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

edited May 23 '17 at 12:40

Community♦

1

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

asked May 17 '15 at 14:17

Srikanth VaindamSrikanth Vaindam

1163

3 Answers
3

active

oldest

votes

1

The new directory must be accessible by mysqld. In step 2, did you copy all ownership and permissions?

But probably you started mysqld as a user without permissions to the new directory? Note that it can't even do a cd: "Can't change dir".

share|improve this answer

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  I did copy with ownership and permissions (cp -r -k /var/lib/mysql /media/<new data dir>).
  
  – Srikanth Vaindam
  May 17 '15 at 17:41
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Hmmm... Then my two guesses are not sufficient.
  
  – Rick James
  May 17 '15 at 19:13
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Selinux maybe hurting you here.
  
  – eroomydna
  May 19 '15 at 12:13
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

1

Try umask=0000 first (without fmask, dmask). It will be clearer whether it is selinux casing troubles or not. I could start mysql with mount options fmask=077,dmask=0077 and with uid=999,gid=1002 (mysql:mysql in my passwd; check your numbers). It is like workaround if webserver+cgi run as root. Before mysql could not start even as root. Pretty strange. Maybe a bug in mysql or mount.

share|improve this answer

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

add a comment | 

0

There are several issues relating to permissions and mysqld/mariadb:

1. Basic ugo/rwx Eunuchs(tm) permissions

1.2. This should be taken care of by

1.2.1. [cp --permissions ...]

1.2.2. OR [rsync -av ...]

1.2.3. OR [chown -R ...] (as in the OP)



2. ACLs

2.1. This should be handled by Selinux [semanage fcontext -a .../restorecon -R],

2.2. OR by Apparmor (as in the OP; I don't know the syntax)



3. Systemd configuration**

3.1. Systemd imposes default restrictions about what files service processes can access  

3.2. This should be handled by [Service] directives

3.1.1. Under e.g. in file /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/something.conf

3.1.2. Such as ProtectHome=, ProtectSystem=, ReadWritePaths=

I have successfully moved MariaDB files, normally under /var/lib/mysql/, to other locations using the first two steps; I have another system where the first two steps were not enough, I am going to try it again tonight (production system, cannot just do it at any time).

share|improve this answer

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1

New contributor

Brian Carcich is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

add a comment | 

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1

The new directory must be accessible by mysqld. In step 2, did you copy all ownership and permissions?

But probably you started mysqld as a user without permissions to the new directory? Note that it can't even do a cd: "Can't change dir".

share|improve this answer

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  I did copy with ownership and permissions (cp -r -k /var/lib/mysql /media/<new data dir>).
  
  – Srikanth Vaindam
  May 17 '15 at 17:41
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Hmmm... Then my two guesses are not sufficient.
  
  – Rick James
  May 17 '15 at 19:13
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Selinux maybe hurting you here.
  
  – eroomydna
  May 19 '15 at 12:13
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

1

The new directory must be accessible by mysqld. In step 2, did you copy all ownership and permissions?

But probably you started mysqld as a user without permissions to the new directory? Note that it can't even do a cd: "Can't change dir".

share|improve this answer

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  I did copy with ownership and permissions (cp -r -k /var/lib/mysql /media/<new data dir>).
  
  – Srikanth Vaindam
  May 17 '15 at 17:41
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Hmmm... Then my two guesses are not sufficient.
  
  – Rick James
  May 17 '15 at 19:13
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Selinux maybe hurting you here.
  
  – eroomydna
  May 19 '15 at 12:13
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

The new directory must be accessible by mysqld. In step 2, did you copy all ownership and permissions?

But probably you started mysqld as a user without permissions to the new directory? Note that it can't even do a cd: "Can't change dir".

share|improve this answer

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

share|improve this answer

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

answered May 17 '15 at 17:12

Rick JamesRick James

42.9k22258

1

Try umask=0000 first (without fmask, dmask). It will be clearer whether it is selinux casing troubles or not. I could start mysql with mount options fmask=077,dmask=0077 and with uid=999,gid=1002 (mysql:mysql in my passwd; check your numbers). It is like workaround if webserver+cgi run as root. Before mysql could not start even as root. Pretty strange. Maybe a bug in mysql or mount.

share|improve this answer

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

add a comment | 

1

Try umask=0000 first (without fmask, dmask). It will be clearer whether it is selinux casing troubles or not. I could start mysql with mount options fmask=077,dmask=0077 and with uid=999,gid=1002 (mysql:mysql in my passwd; check your numbers). It is like workaround if webserver+cgi run as root. Before mysql could not start even as root. Pretty strange. Maybe a bug in mysql or mount.

share|improve this answer

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

add a comment | 

Try umask=0000 first (without fmask, dmask). It will be clearer whether it is selinux casing troubles or not. I could start mysql with mount options fmask=077,dmask=0077 and with uid=999,gid=1002 (mysql:mysql in my passwd; check your numbers). It is like workaround if webserver+cgi run as root. Before mysql could not start even as root. Pretty strange. Maybe a bug in mysql or mount.

share|improve this answer

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

share|improve this answer

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

answered Sep 21 '18 at 2:45

J. DenverJ. Denver

111

0

There are several issues relating to permissions and mysqld/mariadb:

1. Basic ugo/rwx Eunuchs(tm) permissions

1.2. This should be taken care of by

1.2.1. [cp --permissions ...]

1.2.2. OR [rsync -av ...]

1.2.3. OR [chown -R ...] (as in the OP)



2. ACLs

2.1. This should be handled by Selinux [semanage fcontext -a .../restorecon -R],

2.2. OR by Apparmor (as in the OP; I don't know the syntax)



3. Systemd configuration**

3.1. Systemd imposes default restrictions about what files service processes can access  

3.2. This should be handled by [Service] directives

3.1.1. Under e.g. in file /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/something.conf

3.1.2. Such as ProtectHome=, ProtectSystem=, ReadWritePaths=

I have successfully moved MariaDB files, normally under /var/lib/mysql/, to other locations using the first two steps; I have another system where the first two steps were not enough, I am going to try it again tonight (production system, cannot just do it at any time).

share|improve this answer

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1

New contributor

Brian Carcich is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

add a comment | 

0

There are several issues relating to permissions and mysqld/mariadb:

1. Basic ugo/rwx Eunuchs(tm) permissions

1.2. This should be taken care of by

1.2.1. [cp --permissions ...]

1.2.2. OR [rsync -av ...]

1.2.3. OR [chown -R ...] (as in the OP)



2. ACLs

2.1. This should be handled by Selinux [semanage fcontext -a .../restorecon -R],

2.2. OR by Apparmor (as in the OP; I don't know the syntax)



3. Systemd configuration**

3.1. Systemd imposes default restrictions about what files service processes can access  

3.2. This should be handled by [Service] directives

3.1.1. Under e.g. in file /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/something.conf

3.1.2. Such as ProtectHome=, ProtectSystem=, ReadWritePaths=

I have successfully moved MariaDB files, normally under /var/lib/mysql/, to other locations using the first two steps; I have another system where the first two steps were not enough, I am going to try it again tonight (production system, cannot just do it at any time).

share|improve this answer

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1

New contributor

Brian Carcich is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

add a comment | 

There are several issues relating to permissions and mysqld/mariadb:

1. Basic ugo/rwx Eunuchs(tm) permissions

1.2. This should be taken care of by

1.2.1. [cp --permissions ...]

1.2.2. OR [rsync -av ...]

1.2.3. OR [chown -R ...] (as in the OP)



2. ACLs

2.1. This should be handled by Selinux [semanage fcontext -a .../restorecon -R],

2.2. OR by Apparmor (as in the OP; I don't know the syntax)



3. Systemd configuration**

3.1. Systemd imposes default restrictions about what files service processes can access  

3.2. This should be handled by [Service] directives

3.1.1. Under e.g. in file /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/something.conf

3.1.2. Such as ProtectHome=, ProtectSystem=, ReadWritePaths=

I have successfully moved MariaDB files, normally under /var/lib/mysql/, to other locations using the first two steps; I have another system where the first two steps were not enough, I am going to try it again tonight (production system, cannot just do it at any time).

share|improve this answer

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1

New contributor

Brian Carcich is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

1. Basic ugo/rwx Eunuchs(tm) permissions

1.2. This should be taken care of by

1.2.1. [cp --permissions ...]

1.2.2. OR [rsync -av ...]

1.2.3. OR [chown -R ...] (as in the OP)



2. ACLs

2.1. This should be handled by Selinux [semanage fcontext -a .../restorecon -R],

2.2. OR by Apparmor (as in the OP; I don't know the syntax)



3. Systemd configuration**

3.1. Systemd imposes default restrictions about what files service processes can access  

3.2. This should be handled by [Service] directives

3.1.1. Under e.g. in file /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/something.conf

3.1.2. Such as ProtectHome=, ProtectSystem=, ReadWritePaths=

share|improve this answer

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1

New contributor

Brian Carcich is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1

New contributor

Brian Carcich is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

answered 13 mins ago

Brian CarcichBrian Carcich

1